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SkillGenBench: Benchmarking Skill Generation Pipelines for LLM Agents

Yifan Zhou, Zhentao Zhang, Ziming Cheng, Shuo Zhang, Qizhen Lan, Zhangquan Chen, Zhi Yang, QianyuXu

May 18, 2026arXiv:2605.18693v1
cs.AI
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Scorecard· 5/16
6.0/10 impact

Abstract

As LLM agents are increasingly built around reusable skills, a central challenge is no longer only whether agents can use provided skills, but whether they can generate correct, reusable, and executable skills from repositories and documents. Existing benchmarks primarily evaluate the efficacy of given skills or the ability of agents to solve downstream tasks from raw context, but they do not isolate skill generation itself as the object of study. We introduce SkillGenBench, a benchmark for evaluating skill generation pipelines under a unified and controlled protocol. In SkillGenBench, a generator receives raw corpora and produces standardized skill artifacts, which are then executed under fixed harnesses and assessed with unified evaluation procedures. The benchmark covers two generation regimes: task-conditioned generation, where a task-specific skill is synthesized after the task is revealed, and task-agnostic generation, where a reusable skill library must be distilled before downstream tasks are known. It also spans two complementary procedural sources: repository-grounded instances, where procedures are distributed across code, configuration, and scripts, and document-grounded instances, where procedures and constraints must be distilled from long-form text. We provide standardized task specifications, pinned environments, and evaluation protocols centered on deterministic execution-based checks, supplemented by auxiliary signals for diagnosis. Experiments across a range of skill-generation methods and backbones show substantial performance variation, highlight the difficulty of reusable skill distillation, and reveal distinct failure modes in skill generation from software repositories versus long-form documents. SkillGenBench establishes a reproducible testbed for studying skill generation as an independent research problem in agent systems.

AI Impact Assessments

(1 model)

Scientific Impact Assessment: SkillGenBench

1. Core Contribution

SkillGenBench introduces a benchmark that isolates skill generation — the process of distilling procedural knowledge from raw corpora (code repositories, documents) into reusable, executable skill artifacts — as a first-class evaluation target for LLM agent systems. The key insight is that existing benchmarks conflate skill generation with downstream execution, tool use, and planning, making it impossible to diagnose where failures originate. By decoupling the generator from a fixed executor, SkillGenBench enables controlled comparison of generation pipelines as modular, interchangeable components.

The benchmark covers two axes: source type (repository-grounded vs. document-grounded) and generation regime (task-conditioned vs. task-agnostic). The task-agnostic setting — where a reusable skill library must be distilled before downstream tasks are revealed — is particularly novel and practically motivated, as it tests whether generators can produce transferable procedural abstractions rather than task-specific one-offs.

2. Methodological Rigor

Construction pipeline. The five-stage pipeline (KG construction → scenario generation → task/test generation → corpus-free/with-corpus validation → reference-skill validation) is thoughtfully designed to ensure tasks are neither trivially solvable nor impossibly hard. The contamination controls (Stage 4) — filtering tasks where a strong model achieves ≥20% pass rate without the corpus or ≥50% with it — are sensible, though the thresholds appear somewhat arbitrary. The human verification step (678 candidates → 187 accepted, 27.6% acceptance rate) adds credibility.

Evaluation protocol. The use of deterministic execution-based checks as the primary metric, supplemented by artifact-based evaluation with similarity/judge signals, is appropriate. The fixed executor (MiniMax-2.5) and containerized environments enable fair comparison. However, fixing a single executor introduces a potential confound: results may be partially driven by executor-generator compatibility rather than pure skill quality.

Experimental design. Testing five generation methods across six backbone models with pass@3 over 187 tasks is reasonable but modest. The bootstrap confidence intervals (Table 4) honestly reveal that CI half-widths of ~±5 percentage points mean most pairwise differences are not statistically significant at this scale. This transparency is commendable but also highlights a fundamental limitation: the benchmark may be too small for fine-grained method comparison.

Static diagnostics. The six-axis artifact analysis (Contract, Environment, Grounding, Procedure, Constraints, Safety) provides useful interpretability. The finding that static quality and dynamic success measure different things — and that neither subsumes the other — is a genuinely useful insight.

3. Potential Impact

Near-term impact. The benchmark fills a clear gap in the emerging "agent skills" ecosystem. As companies like Anthropic formalize skill interfaces (SKILL.md), having a standardized way to evaluate generation pipelines becomes immediately practical. The task-agnostic setting is particularly forward-looking, as it mirrors real deployment scenarios where skill libraries must be pre-built.

Research directions enabled. SkillGenBench could catalyze research on: (a) better skill distillation methods, (b) repository understanding for procedural extraction, (c) bridging specification-execution gaps in generated artifacts, and (d) skill library compression and reuse optimization.

Limitations on impact. The benchmark is relatively small (187 tasks) and the absolute performance numbers are low (10-25% pass@3), making it potentially more useful as a diagnostic tool than a discriminative leaderboard. The dependence on a fixed executor means the benchmark evaluates a specific notion of skill utility rather than intrinsic skill quality.

4. Timeliness & Relevance

The paper is highly timely. The emergence of standardized skill interfaces (Anthropic's Agent Skills, Claude Code) and the proliferation of skill-generation methods in early 2026 create genuine demand for controlled evaluation. The paper correctly identifies that skill generation has been evaluated only as a byproduct of end-to-end agent performance, never in isolation. The citations to very recent work (mostly 2026) confirm this is addressing an active frontier.

5. Strengths & Limitations

Strengths:

  • Well-motivated decomposition. Separating generation from execution is the right abstraction for understanding failure modes.
  • Task-agnostic setting. This is genuinely novel and practically important — no prior benchmark evaluates pre-task skill library distillation.
  • Source-aware failure taxonomy. The error analysis (Figure 6) revealing that Code Repo failures are runtime-dominated, Code Doc failures are interface-dominated, and Domain Knowledge Doc failures are rule/numeric-dominated is actionable and insightful.
  • Honest reporting. The authors acknowledge that bootstrap CIs overlap, that static and dynamic metrics diverge, and that generated skills can cause negative transfer.
  • Reproducibility infrastructure. Pinned environments, containerized execution, and fixed evaluation harnesses support reproducibility.
  • Weaknesses:

  • Scale. 187 tasks is modest for a benchmark aspiring to be a community standard. The statistical power for method comparison is limited.
  • Single fixed executor. Results are confounded by executor-generator compatibility. Different executors might reorder method rankings.
  • Low absolute performance. With the best methods achieving ~20% pass@3, it's unclear whether the benchmark is measuring skill generation quality or general LLM coding difficulty.
  • Construction pipeline reliance on LLMs. The KG extraction, scenario generation, and task creation are all LLM-driven, raising questions about systematic biases in task distribution.
  • Limited task-agnostic evaluation. Only two backbone-method combinations are shown for the task-agnostic setting (Figure 4), making it hard to draw strong conclusions about this flagship contribution.
  • Appendix-heavy. The extensive prompt listings (Appendix F) are useful for reproduction but the core experimental analysis could be deeper — e.g., more ablations on the task-agnostic setting, cross-executor sensitivity analysis.
  • 6. Additional Observations

    The case studies (Appendix D) effectively illustrate what "skill-dependent knowledge" means in practice — e.g., BGR color ordering in AnimeGANv3, Faker's `unique` proxy — making the benchmark's motivation concrete. The paper would benefit from a clearer analysis of how much performance variation is attributable to skill generation vs. inherent task difficulty, perhaps through oracle skill experiments.

    Rating:5.8/ 10
    Significance 6.5Rigor 5.5Novelty 6Clarity 7

    Generated May 19, 2026

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